1. Group of soil Series No.l

This group includes poorly drained, fine-textured (heavy), and dark colored soils that occupy on the Low - lying terrain mostly in karst topography and basaltic terrain. They commonly have high fertility status. Soil reaction is neutral to moderately alkaline. Soils in this group are Ban Mi (Bm), Ban Pod (Bp), Buri Rum (Br), Chong Kae (Ck), Kok Kratiem (Kk) and Wattana (Wa)

Problems : Heavy clay soil that will crack when dry and difficult to be prepared for cultivation. Lack of water in some places and/or water logging in rainy season.

Management for rice : Prepare and mix crop residue into moist soils and leave for 3-4 weeks. If managing by green manure, it should be the mixture of 4-6 Kg/rai of 50-70 days Sesbania rostrata and 16-20-0 chemical fertilizer or LDD liquid organic fertilizer in the soils and leave for 1-2 weeks.. Top dressing again 35-40 days after transplanting. Farm ponds are recommended to preserve water to be used in dry season or second rice crop or short season upland crops after first rice.

Management for vegetable or orchard : Raised bed to 6-8 meters wide with 1.0-1.5 meters drainage canal. Apply 2-3 ton/rai compose fertilizer or animal manure with chemical fertilizer or LDD liquid organic fertilizer. Apply 20-35 kg of compose or animal manure into 50*50*50 meters pit to grow orchard. Apply compose or animal manure with chemical fertilizer or LDD liquid organic fertilizer at vegetative growth, before and after harvesting. Farm ponds and water management are recommended to preserve water to be used in dry season.